Agriculture

The Holocene Climatic Optimum and the Dawn of Civilization

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The Holocene Climatic Optimum: How Warming Shaped Civilization

Imagine a world locked in ice, a harsh and unforgiving landscape where survival was a daily battle. For millennia, this was the reality for early humans. Then, something extraordinary happened. The Great Ice Age, a brutal epoch known as the Younger Dryas, began to recede. The air warmed, the glaciers melted, and a new era … Read more

Farming’s Footprint: How Migration, Not Mimicry, Cultivated the World

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Farming Spread Through Migration, Not Local Adoption, Ancient DNA Reveals

For millennia, the story of agriculture has been etched into the very soil of human civilization. It’s the tale of settled life, of bountiful harvests, and the dawn of complex societies. But how did this revolutionary way of life spread from its cradles in the Fertile Crescent and East Asia to the farthest corners of … Read more