The Shifting Sands of Borders: Travel in Early Modern Europe

Early Modern European Border Crossings: Passports, Customs, and Freedom

Imagine a world where crossing a border wasn’t just a matter of showing a piece of paper, but a complex negotiation with local lords, customs officials, and the ever-watchful eye of burgeoning states. This was the reality for travelers in early modern Europe, a period stretching from the late Middle Ages through the 18th century. … Read more