The Sultan’s New Clothes: Ottoman Military Modernization in the 19th Century
The 19th century was a period of seismic shifts for empires. While European powers were consolidating their might through industrial might and streamlined governance, the once-formidable Ottoman Empire found itself increasingly outmaneuvered, its vast territories eyed greedily by ambitious neighbors. The very foundations of Ottoman power, built over centuries, seemed to be crumbling under the … Read more